An analysis of omega-3 clinical trials and a call for personalized supplementation for dementia prevention

Introduction: Targeted interventions are needed to delay or prevent the onset of neurodegenerative
diseases. Poor dietary habits are associated with cognitive decline, highlighting the benefits of a healthy
diet with fish and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Intake of omega-3 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid
(DHA), α-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is linked with healthy aging, cardiovascular
benefits, and reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease. Although omega-3 has health benefits, its intake is
often inadequate and insufficient in modern diets. Although fish oil supplements offer an alternative
source, inconsistent results from clinical trials raise questions about the factors determining their
success. Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss the aforementioned determining factors and
highlight strategies that could enhance the effectiveness of omega-3 PUFAs interventions for dementia
and cognitive decline. Moreover, the authors provide suggestions for potential future research. Expert
opinion: Factors such as diet, lifestyle, and genetic predisposition can all influence the effectiveness of
omega-3 supplementation. When implementing clinical trials, it is crucial to consider these factors and
recognize their potential impact on the interpretation of results. It is important to study each variable
independently and the interactions between them.