Nutrients, 2015, Volume 7; Issue 2: Pages 1245-1266.

Effects of Two Dietary Fibers as Part of Ready-to-Eat Cereal (RTEC) Breakfasts on Perceived Appetite and Gut Hormones in Overweight Women

Lafond, DW. Greaves, KA. Maki, KC. Leidy, HJ. Romsos, DR.

Key Findings:

Adding viscous soluble fibers to cereals may increase the viscosity of the dough stage, making it harder to process. In this study, the viscosity of soluble fibers was reduced by hydrolyzing them into shorter polymers. An intact arabinoxylan from flax (FLAX, 15g) added to a ready-to-eat cereal did not affect appetite control and satiety or lunch intake. Postprandial satiety hormones, postprandial GLP-1 and peptide YY (PYY) concentrations were increased following fiber consumption. These results may have been impacted by the degree of viscosity of the flax fiber fed. It has been suggested that the more processed a fiber, the lesser will be the ability to form gels in the gastrointestinal tract. Lower viscosity will negate any enhanced satiety effects that the fiber would otherwise produce.

Abstract:

The effects of an enzyme-hydrolyzed arabinoxylan from wheat (AXOS) versus an intact arabinoxylan from flax (FLAX) added to a ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) on the postprandial appetitive, hormonal, and metabolic responses in overweight women (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) were evaluated. Subsequent meal energy intake was also assessed. Two randomized, double-blind, crossover design studies were completed. For trial 1, the participants consumed the following RTEC breakfast, matched for total weight and varied in energy content: low-fiber (LF, 4 g); high-fiber (HF, 15 g) as either AXOS or FLAX. For trial 2, the participants consumed LF, HF-AXOS, and HF-FLAX RTECs but also consumed another LF breakfast that was isocaloric (LF-iso) to that of the HF breakfasts. Perceived appetite and blood samples (trial 2 only) were assessed before and after breakfast. An ad libitum lunch was offered 4 h post-breakfast. No differences in postprandial appetite responses were observed among any breakfasts in either trial. The HF-AXOS and HF-FLAX led to increased postprandial GLP-1 and peptide YY (PYY) concentrations vs. LF-iso. No differences were observed in lunch meal energy intake among breakfast meals in either trial. Collectively, these data suggest that 15 g of low molecular weight fiber added to RTECs did not affect perceived appetite or subsequent energy intake despite differences in satiety hormone signaling in overweight females.

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