In Vitro Studies of the Effect of Oil Emulsions from Transgenic Flax Varieties on the Treatment of Wound Healing and Care of Human Skin with the Tendency to Inflammation

Excessive amounts of free-oxygen radicals produced during inflammation induce oxidative stress and lead to cell damage, thus delaying the transition of inflammation into the proliferation in the wound healing process. Oxidative stress on skin cells also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. The aim of the planned in vitro studies was to assess the mechanisms of regenerative action and protection of cells against oxidative stress of three oil emulsions from transgenic (GMO) flax varieties M, B, and MB and a linseed emulsion from traditional NIKE linseed oil. Antioxidant and gene-protective properties were identified for the tested oil emulsions in a healthy cell model and in an in vitro model of cells under oxidative stress. The wound-healing regenerative potential of these linseed emulsions was also assessed in the proliferation, cell cycle, migration, and apoptosis and necrosis assays. The conducted research presented that the tested transgenic oil emulsions are safe for human skin because they do not induce the proliferation of skin cancer cells and, at the same time, induce the migration processes of normal human skin cells. Additionally, their use increases the ability to eliminate damaged cells. Transgenic linseed oils provide a gene-protective effect and an increased antioxidant effect, resulting in increased protection of skin cells against oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Linen emulsion B has the best regenerative and protective properties against human epidermis cancer, which is probably due to the presence of an increased amount of stigmasterol in its composition along with the appropriate content of polyphenol compounds, as well as an increased amount of oleic and linoleic acids.