Objective: This research aims to investigate the impact of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation
on the lipid levels of pregnant women who have experienced pregnancy losses. Methods: This
retrospective study analyzed data from pregnant women with previous pregnancy losses from
two medical centers. Their lipid profiles were measured at least twice during pregnancy.
According to the use of omega-3 soft gel capsules, participants were divided into the omega-3
group and the control group. We assessed the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids
supplementation and longitudinal lipid levels during pregnancy using generalized estimating
equations (GEE). Subsequently, we conducted subgroup analyses to delineate the profile of
beneficiaries who received omega-3 fatty acids based on body mass index (BMI), age,
menstrual regularity, number of previous pregnancy losses, number of previous live births, and
educational level. Results: The omega-3 group included 105 participants, while the control
group comprised 274 participants. Women in the omega-3 group started supplementation
between 3.43 and 17.14 weeks of gestation. According to GEE analysis, supplementing omega-
3 fatty acids significantly reduced triglyceride (TG) levels during pregnancy (adjusted
β = −0.300, 95% CI -0.445 to −0.154, p < 0.001). No associations between omega-3 fatty acids
supplementation and total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), or high-
density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were observed. Subgroup analyses revealed that
omega-3 fatty acids supplementation was related to a reduction in TG levels among pregnant
women with age of ≤35 years, a normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m 2 ), 1–2 previous pregnancy losses,
no previous live births, or an educational level above high school. Conclusion: Supplementation
with omega-3 fatty acids may significantly reduce TG levels, yet it does not seem to improve
TC, LDL-C, or HDL-C levels in pregnant women with previous pregnancy losses.
Front. Nutr., 2024, 28 August:11