Dry-air roasting impact on physicochemical, functional, antioxidant properties, phenolic profile and Maillard reaction products of flaxseed flour and cake flour

The study investigated and compared physicochemical, functional, antioxidant properties,
phenolic profile and Maillard reaction products (MRP) of flaxseed flour (FF) and flaxseed cake
flour (FCF) upon dry-air roasting (DaR) of flaxseeds at 140, 160 and 180 °C for 5 and 10 min.
This information on FF and FCF is limited and has considerable gaps. The raw FF exhibited
higher fat, ash, antioxidant and functional properties while lower protein than the FCF. Upon
increasing DaR conditions, the ash and protein increased in FCF and decreased in FF. DaR at
180 °C for 10 min augmented water solubility index, ΔE, MRP, free rutin and syringic acid,
bound epicatechin, gallic acid and syringic acid while lowered moisture, L*, b*, hue, chroma,
potassium, iron, selenium, emulsion indexes, caffeic acid, flavonoids and free resveratrol in FF
and FCF. In conclusion, DaR improves phenolic profile, antioxidant properties, MRP, water
solubility and oil absorption capacity of FF and FCF.